What UK Visas Are Available for Family Members?
The UK offers a number of immigration routes allowing family members of British citizens and settled residents to join or remain in the UK. These routes are primarily governed by Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules and cover spouses, civil partners, unmarried partners, fiancés, children, and in limited circumstances adult dependent relatives. Family visa applications are among the most emotionally significant immigration matters — a refusal can cause considerable distress and disruption.
What Is the Difference Between a Family Visa and a Dependant Visa?
A family visa (under Appendix FM) is for family members of British citizens or settled persons seeking to join them in the UK as their primary home. A dependant visa, by contrast, is for family members who wish to accompany someone who is themselves in the UK on a temporary visa — such as a Skilled Worker or Student. The rules and requirements for these two types differ significantly.
What Are the Main UK Family Visa Routes?
- Spouse Visa — for the husband, wife, or civil partner of a British citizen or settled person
- Unmarried Partner Visa — for those in a genuine, durable relationship of at least two years who are not married or in a civil partnership
- Fiancé Visa — for those intending to marry their UK-based partner within six months of arrival
- Child Visa — for dependent children under 18 joining or staying with a parent in the UK
- Adult Dependent Relative Visa — for adult relatives in very limited circumstances where long-term personal care is required
The Financial Requirement
For new applicants making a first application on or after 11 April 2024, the minimum income requirement is £29,000 per year gross. This figure remains in place as of 2025. Applicants who first applied before 11 April 2024 and are extending with the same partner may still be subject to the earlier £18,600 threshold under transitional provisions. Where income alone is insufficient, cash savings may be used to bridge the gap.
Do UK Family Visas Lead to Settlement?
Yes. The standard family route is a five-year pathway to settlement. After an initial visa (approximately two years and nine months), a successful extension is granted for a further two and a half years. After five continuous years, the holder may apply for ILR. Following 12 months of ILR, British citizenship by naturalisation may be available.